Most real world countries have progressive tax rates, so that part is economically viable, though most countries tend to supplement income tax with other sources such as tariffs, excise taxes, consumption taxes, property taxes, capital gains taxes, etc.
Expropriation of political opponents could be a large source of revenue at the beginning, but eventually you'll run out of rich people who don't toe the line, so it's only a temporary source.
Nationalizing large portions of the economy to make money is basically China's economic policy. It seems to be working well for them. However, state-owned industry would rely on having competent people instead of cronies to run them and have the freedom to make good business decisions to maintain profitability.