there’s always a loss of quality when an image is upscaled. Depending on how the upscaling process works, images will either be pixelated, or the program will have to guess what each pixel is supposed to be, which can lead to some distortion.
I am slightly triggered by your use of the words always and loss of quality, because if I doubled the horizontal resolution, but left the vertical resolution alone, and I used a really simple algorithm that just copies original pixel values, from a technical point of view I’m not losing any quality (assuming quality is equal to information is this context), you’re just storing the same information in a less efficient way. However, no matter the algorithm, it can never add information that wasn’t there in the first place.
Upscaling algorithms are there to make things look more pleasing to the eye, and some results are pretty good, but it’s still the same as making a “60 FPS 4K YOUTUBE ULTRA HD” version of something that wasn’t 60FPS 4K in the first place.
background: I have done a university-level masters degree that dealt with, among other things, image and video processing
We always prefer to have the image as it was originally posted by the artist. The original image, in it’s original resolution, is always going to be the best quality possible.
Pretty much this. It’s fine if you use whatever tools/algorithms you desire for your own personal use, but they don’t belong being uploaded here on the booru.